The Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska (Ne ma ha ha ki) are of Algonquian origin and woodland culture. Each people, the Sauk and the Fox, were originally distinct groups.  During the 1700's a French attack on the Fox caused the two tribes to join forces and form a close alliance.

        The Sauk/Sac were called the "People of the Yellow Earth" which distinguishes them from the Foxes who were called the "Red Earth People."

        Through the years the Sac and Fox Nation has been located in Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa Missouri, Kansas and Nebraska.  One of the largest villages in North America was "Saukenuk" which was located between the Rock and Mississippi rivers in Illinois.  At one time in included approximately 4,000 Sac and Fox people. The Treaty of 1804 ceded the Sac and Fox land to the United States and the Treaty of 1815 officially named the Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri distinct tribe.  At that time they were removed to Northeast Missouri from Iowa and Illinois.

        In 1824 the Nation was removed to the Platte Valley northwest of the Missouri along with the Iowa, Potawatomi and Kickapoo tribes. In 1832 the famous Sauk, Black Hawk, led part of the people into war with the United States.  The Treaty of 1837 removed the Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri into Kansas to the Great Nemaha Reservation in Doniphan and Brown Counties.

         The Reservation of the Nation was further diminished in 1854 when the Nation ceded half the tract assigned to them to the United States, further reducing its land base. A political map showing the exterior boundaries of the Reservation is provided in this section.  The Sac and Fox of Missouri became organized in 1934 under terms of the Indian Reorganization Act.